Health Benefits of Finger Millet
Finger millet is known for its remarkable health-promoting properties, many of which are linked to its rich polyphenol and phenolic acid content. The brown variety of finger millet contains up to 96% more phenolic acids than the white variety, making it a powerful source of natural antioxidants. It is also richer in essential amino acids such as lysine, threonine, and valine compared to other millets. Black finger millet, in particular, provides 8.71 mg/g dry weight of fatty acids and 8.47 g/g dry weight of protein, making it highly nutritious.
Studies have shown that finger millet exhibits anti-ulcerative properties and has a beneficial effect on diabetes management. Diets containing finger millet have been reported to lower blood glucose and cholesterol levels in diabetic rat models, with a 36% reduction in blood glucose levels. The seed coat, which is high in dietary fiber and phenolic compounds, also demonstrates blood sugar and cholesterol-lowering effects, along with kidney-protective and anti-cataractogenic properties in diabetic conditions.
Finger millet-based foods have shown positive effects on infant nutrition, especially when germinated, as they improve hemoglobin status and overall health. In diabetic studies, finger millet consumption led to lower serum cholesterol and triacylglycerol levels by 43% and 62%, respectively, compared to diabetic control groups. Additionally, its extracts possess strong free radical scavenging, anti-protein glycation, antimicrobial, and anticataractogenic activities when tested in vitro. The phenolic compounds in finger millet have also been shown to inhibit snake venom phospholipase activity.
The seed coat polyphenol extract of finger millet demonstrates a significantly higher reducing power and antioxidant activity (86%) compared to that of the whole flour extract (27%). These antioxidants help protect body tissues from oxidative stress and promote healing. Moreover, finger millet supports mucosal protection, tissue epithelialization, collagen synthesis, and activation of fibroblasts and mast cells, contributing to faster recovery from wounds and ulcers.
Overall, finger millet serves as a functional food with numerous therapeutic benefits, making it highly valuable for managing diabetes, improving heart health, supporting wound healing, and promoting general well-being.
